Discover 7 fascinating facts about India's Constitution, from its global inspirations and Dr BR Ambedkar's pivotal role to its handwritten origins and remarkable length. Explore the history and significance of this unique document.
The Constitution of India is one of the longest and most detailed constitutions in the world, setting the framework for governance, law, and the rights of citizens. It was meticulously crafted, a reflection of the hopes and aspirations of the people of India for a democratic, just, and inclusive society. Here’s a deeper dive into some of the fascinating facts that make India’s Constitution so unique and historic:
1. Adopted on 26 November 1949, Constitution Day
The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, marking a significant milestone in India’s journey towards becoming a republic. This date holds a special place in the hearts of every Indian, as it represents the culmination of years of struggle and effort to establish a democratic system of governance. In memory of Dr BR Ambedkar, who played a pivotal role in drafting the Constitution, 26 November is celebrated every year as Constitution Day. On this day, the nation reflects on the values and principles enshrined in the Constitution, reaffirming the importance of democracy, justice, and equality.
2. Inspiration, A Blend of Ideas
The Constitution of India, while shaped by the country’s own experiences, was also influenced by the constitutions of other democratic nations. From the United Kingdom, India adopted the parliamentary system of governance, adapting it to suit Indian needs. The Directive Principles of State Policy were inspired by Ireland’s Constitution, aiming to promote social welfare. India's federal structure drew on Germany's model, ensuring a strong central government with regional autonomy. The division of powers between the central and state governments was influenced by Canada and Australia, allowing for a balanced, flexible system that could accommodate India's vast diversity. These global inspirations helped craft a constitution that blends democratic ideals with India’s unique requirements.
By combining elements from diverse global sources, the framers of the Indian Constitution created a system that was uniquely suited to India’s diverse and complex society.
3. Dr BR Ambedkar, The Architect of the Constitution
Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, a brilliant jurist, economist, and social reformer, is widely regarded as the chief architect of the Constitution of India. As the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, Ambedkar played an instrumental role in ensuring that the Constitution embodied principles of justice, equality, and social justice. His efforts were central to addressing the issues of caste discrimination, inequality, and the empowerment of marginalized communities in India.
Ambedkar’s commitment to the upliftment of the oppressed and his role in shaping the Constitution’s provisions for fundamental rights and affirmative action have had a lasting impact on India’s development as a democratic nation.
4. Handwritten Masterpiece
In an age where typewriters were available, the Constitution of India was astonishingly handwritten. The original manuscript was written by hand in beautiful calligraphy by Prem Bihari Narayan Raizada, a renowned calligrapher. The meticulous effort and attention to detail that went into this process are remarkable, considering that the Constitution spans over 450 pages.
The original copy of the Constitution is now preserved in the Library of Parliament, serving as a symbol of the nation’s commitment to democracy and justice.
5. The Time Taken to Draft the Constitution
The process of drafting the Constitution was an intense and time-consuming effort. It took nearly three years (2 years, 11 months, and 18 days, to be precise) to complete the drafting process. The Constituent Assembly, consisting of 389 members, met on several occasions to debate, discuss, and finalize the various provisions of the Constitution.
The work was incredibly detailed, covering everything from the organization of government to the protection of individual rights, and it was conducted in an atmosphere of great collaboration and debate. The assembly members not only worked in the interest of a unified nation but also considered the aspirations of the diverse communities across India.
6. Shri Prem Bihari Narayan Raizada – The Calligrapher Behind the Constitution
Though Dr Ambedkar is often associated with the Constitution’s creation, the calligraphy that graces the original document was done by Shri Prem Bihari Narayan Raizada, a skilled calligrapher. Raizada was chosen for his impeccable handwriting and artistic ability to make the document visually appealing.
The writing process itself was a laborious one, taking six months to complete. Over the course of this time, Raizada went through 433 pen nibs, which were completely worn out by the sheer effort required to create such a monumental document.
In addition to the artistic challenge of writing out each provision of the Constitution by hand, he had to ensure that the two copies, one in Hindi and the other in English, were identical in appearance. This process took an enormous amount of time and precision. The beautifully written document was carefully bound and presented to the Constituent Assembly, which adopted it in 1949.
7. The Constitution’s Size and Scope
India’s Constitution is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, with over 448 articles in 25 parts. It covers a wide range of issues, from the structure of government to the rights of individuals. This extensive nature was essential to address the complexity of India’s diverse society, including its social, cultural, and economic challenges.
The Constitution’s length reflects the careful consideration of the framers, who made provisions for nearly every aspect of Indian life. Over time, it has been amended many times to adapt to the changing needs of the country, but the core principles of justice, equality, and democracy remain intact.
Last Updated Jan 24, 2025, 10:48 AM IST