Farewell to a legacy: Kolkata's iconic 150-year-old tram network to be discontinued

Riding Kolkata's trams, with their wooden benches, is a cherished experience for people around the world. Tram cars hold a special significance for Bengalis, contributing to the city's unique identity. The West Bengal government's decision to halt most tram services due to traffic problems has disappointed heritage enthusiasts. Nonetheless, one tram route will continue to operate.

Kolkata's tram network was inaugurated on February 24, 1873, with its inaugural route stretching 3.9 km from Sealdah to Armenian Ghat Street, initially pulled by horses. Today, it stands as the only operational tram system in India. The trams weave through the city, linking key landmarks and providing a charming, nostalgic journey. For the residents of Kolkata, these trams represent more than mere transportation; they have been an essential part of daily life.

Kolkata's tram system is the oldest electric tramway in Asia and the only functioning tram network in India. This 19th-century transportation method draws tourists from around the globe eager to experience its unique charm.

In 1880, the Calcutta Tramways Company, registered in London, facilitated the organized expansion of the tram network. Initially, horse-drawn tram tracks were established between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat, but in 1882, steam engines were introduced to enhance the service.

The tramway's electrification began in 1900, and on March 27, 1902, Asia's first electric tramcar traveled from Esplanade to Kidderpore. By 1903–1904, the network had expanded to include new routes such as Kalighat and Baghbazar, becoming a crucial part of Kolkata's transportation system. With the completion of the Howrah Bridge in 1943, the tram network connected the Calcutta and Howrah sections, totaling 67.59 km of track.

After India's independence, the West Bengal government became more involved in managing the tramway. In 1951, it signed an agreement for government oversight, and the system was nationalized in 1976. However, the rise of the metro led to a halt in tramway expansion and a decline in popularity, as many found the trams less practical. Despite this, trams continue to be an iconic symbol of Kolkata.

With Kolkata's rapid development, the tramway struggled to keep pace. The infrastructure, tram lines, and depots gradually fell into disrepair. Despite the dedication of heritage enthusiasts and concerned citizens to preserve this historical gem, their efforts had little effect.