It is the darkening of the skin at certain parts of the face due to excess melanin. Several reasons like sun exposure, hormonal changes, and skin injury can cause this. 

There are many reasons for hyperpigmentation like sun exposure, hormonal changes, skin injury, and certain medications that can cause pigmentation of the skin. 

Several treatments can be used to treat hyperpigmentation like topical methods, chemical peels, sun protection, skincare, and laser therapy. 

Topical retinoids can be used to treat pigmentation as they work by exfoliating the skin, fading the dark spots, and promoting even skin tone. 

UV rays damage the skin and cause overproduction of melanin. Use sunscreens with SPF 30 or higher for better protection. 

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps brighten the skin and reduces the appearance of dark spots and patches. 

It works by exfoliating the outer layer of the skin and promoting healthy even-tone skin formation. It improves skin texture, and tone, and reduces dark patches.