When buying gold jewellery, look at the BIS logo, purity of gold, and HUID number engraved on it. The hallmark provides information like the content and manufacturer of the item.
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Test with vinegar
Take a few drops of vinegar and put it on the gold, if it changes colour then it is fake, if not then it's real.
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Check weight
If a big piece of gold is too light compared to the real gold, it is fake. Checking size and weight is a standard procedure to check the authenticity of gold.
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Ceramic tile
Rub the gold on an unglazed ceramic tile or plate, if it leaves a black mark then it is a different metal or gold-plated.
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Test with magnet
Gold does not react to a magnet thus it won’t affect it. But if you see an attraction then it is fake. But it's not 100% reliable as gold-plated metal also doesn't react.
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Test with water
Take a cup of water and drop the gold in it, if it sinks it is real as gold is a dense metal. It floats or stays in between, it's fake.
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Rub gold on the skin
Hold the gold in your hands and after a while rub it. It is fake if it leaves blue, black, or green marks. Real gold won’t affect the skin.